They actually happen in all types of psychopathology, but they're particularly common in depression.

它们实际上发生在所有类型的精神病理，它们在抑郁症特别常见。

So, " psychopathology" basically means mental health issues.

所以，“精神病理” 基本上是指心理健康问题。

Sorry. Which means what? I don't know that I know what " psychopathology" means.

MAUGHAN：抱歉。这是什么意思？我不知道我知道“精神病理”是什么意思。

And if something within psychopathology I thought could contribute to our well-being, I took that and used that.

如果我认为精神病理的某些东西可以促进我们的幸，我就会接受并使用它。

Certainly it seems more and more clear that what we call normal in psychology is really a psychopathology of the average.

当然，我们在心理所说的正常实际上是平均的精神病理，这似乎越来越清楚。

Because my question, my guiding question was what would contribute to happiness? And if something within psychopathology I thought could contribute to our wellbeing.

为我的问题 我的引导性问题是什么会对幸有贡献? 如果我认为精神病理的内容。

Related to this, it's not clear to what extent dissociative identity disorder is an extreme version of normal psychopathology--sorry, of normal psychology.

与此相关， 目前尚不清楚分离性身份障碍在多大程度上是正常精神病理的极端版本 - 对不起，正常心理。

Now when people look at this, they say well of course, we need to focus more on psychopathology. 21 to 1 not enough! 30 to 1 sounds more like it.

人们看到这个数据的时候 他们说 当然了 我们要努力研究精神病理 21比1还不足够 30比1才像样。

So, it can mean depression, and it can mean anxiety, but very broadly speaking, " psychopathology" means, like, anything that is pathological or not right about your psychology.

所以，它可能意味着抑郁， 也可能意味着焦虑，从广义上讲， “精神病理”的意思是，就像任何病态的或关于你的心理不正确的事情。

First of all, the rates of psychopathology, especially when you're talking about anxiety and depression — but other forms of psychopathology too — have a higher base rate for women.

首先，精神病理的发病率，尤其是当你谈论焦虑和抑郁时——其他形式的精神病理也是如此——女性的基本发病率更高。

And from the perspective of attachment theorists (whose infant observational research continues the work done in John Bowlby's study of attachment patterns formed in infancy), a borderline patient's psychopathology is shaped in part by unresolved early childhood trauma.

从依恋理论家的角度来看（他们的婴儿观察研究延续了约翰·鲍尔比对婴儿期形成的依恋模式的研究），边缘患者的精神病理部分是由未解决的童年创伤造成的。

And the title of the article is " Pathology of Relationships." And the most surprising thing, I think, in this review is that there are data — you know, there are studies — that suggest that relationships can be triggers for psychopathology.

这篇文章的标题是“关系的病理” 。我认为，在这篇评论， 最令人惊讶的是， 有数据——你知道，有研究——表明关系可能是精神病理的触发素。