In almost all species, mitochondrial DNA is passed down from only one parent.

在几乎所有物种中，线粒体 DNA 只从父母一方传下来。

The advantage of studying mitochondrial DNA is that it is not shuffled around by sex.

研究线粒体DNA优点在于它不会被性别打乱。

Blood tests for Reye's syndrome will be reflective of liver damage and mitochondrial damage.

血液检测能够反映肝脏和线粒体损伤。

Meanwhile, an egg contains thousands of mitochondria, each containing multiple copies of the mitochondrial DNA.

同时，一个卵含有成千万线粒体，每个都含有多组线粒体 DNA。

And this mitochondrial DNA is specifically inherited from your mom because your dad's degraded immediately after fertilization.

这个线粒体DNA是特别从你妈妈那里遗传过来，因为爸爸在受后就马退化。

So oftentimes in very degraded samples or in bone, there's more mitochondrial DNA left than there is nuclear DNA.

因此，在强降解样本或骨骼中，线粒体 DNA 残留量通常比核 DNA 多。

We know this because of tests on mitochondrial DNA.

我们知道这一点是因为对线粒体 DNA 测试。

The team also looked at mitochondrial DNA in six of the seven fossils.

该团队还研究七块化石中六块线粒体 DNA。

They challenged Evo2 to generate complete mitochondrial genomes.

他们挑战Evo2生成完整线粒体基因组。

Expanding our knowledge of human ancestry by reaching beyond mitochondrial DNA's matrilineal limits.

通过超越线粒体 DNA 母系限制来扩展我们对人类祖解。

A study in 2008 compared the mitochondrial DNA from both modern and fossil tuatara bones.

2008 年一项研究比较现代和化石喙头蜥骨骼线粒体 DNA。

Hublin's group also compared their mitochondrial DNA to that of ancient and present-day people.

Hublin 小组还将他们线粒体 DNA 与古人和现代人线粒体 DNA 进行比较。

Researchers started by focusing on smaller, more manageable genomes, like mitochondrial DNA.

研究人员首关注较小、更容易处理基因组，例如线粒体DNA。

So what can be done to tackle mitochondrial diseases, like Leigh syndrome?

那么如何应对线粒体疾病，如 Leigh 综合征？

The woman's mitochondrial DNA matched that of a man from Chagyrskaya.

这名女性线粒体 DNA 与来自 Chagyrskaya 一名男性相匹配。

So Evo2 can create mitochondrial DNA from scratch.

所以Evo2可以从零开始创造线粒体DNA。

Specifically, they looked at mitochondrial DNA sequences Which are passed unchanged down the maternal line.

他们目标明确着手于线粒体 DNA 顺序，这些 DNA 完全遗传于母系mitochondrial 英/ˌmaitəu'kɔndriəl/ 美/ˌmaitəu'kɔndriəl/ n。线粒体sequence 英/'siːkw(ə)ns/ 美/'sikwəns/ n。有关联一组事物， 一连串，顺序， 连续maternal 英/mə'tɜːn(ə)l/ 美/mə'tɝnl/ a。母亲；母性；母系；母体遗传maternal line 母系。

If you follow the mitochondrial DNA backwards, it will take you to a certain place-to an Ursula or Tara or whatever.

如果你顺着一段线粒体DNA往推移，它可能把你带到某个地方——乌尔苏拉、杰斯敏，或别任何人。

A study that had seniors complete a 12-week exercise program found that skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA increased 53 percent after training.

一项让老年人完成12周锻炼计划研究发现，训练后骨骼肌线粒体DNA增加53%。

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been associated with Type 2 diabetes and Parkinson's disease, which more likely came from your mom.

线粒体DNA突变与2型糖尿病和帕金森病有关，很有可能来自你母亲。