(metonymic chain and metaphtonymy, although metaphor too).

(转喻链和转喻, 虽然也隐喻)。

The pay-off (" Mobile banking replaces intracity trips" ) helps recognize these metonymic relationships.

回报（“移动银行取代旅行” ）有助识别这些转喻关系。

Metonymic expansion is needed to understand the target (freezing temperature) by the source (?

需要转喻扩来理解源 （？

In Section 5 we address metonymic complexes and the possible combinations between metonymic expansion and reduction processes in visuals.

在第 5 节中， 我们讨论转喻复合物以及视觉中转喻扩和还原过程之间的可能组合。

Moreover, we consider how Ruiz de Mendoza's distinction between metonymic expansion and metonymic reduction manifests itself in advertisements (Section 3).

此外，我们考虑 Ruiz de Mendoza 对转喻扩和转喻减少的区分如何在广告中表现出来（第 3 节）。

But since this ad is about mobile banking, a metonymic reduction is needed to get at the meaning of mobile banking.

但，这则广告关手机银行的，因此需要减少转喻来理解手机银行的含义。

She devotes special attention to two (of four) metonymic complexes of Ruiz de Mendoza's typology (2007): " double domain expansion" and " metonymic expansion plus reduction" .

她特别关注 Ruiz de Mendoza 类型学（2007 年）的两个（共四个）转喻复合体：“双域扩”和“转喻扩加还原” 。

" His sister heads the policy unit" is a metonymic sentence in the verbal realm in which " head" can ultimately stand for the action of " leading" because of its crucial instrumental role in such an action (see Diagram 19).

“His sister heads the policy unit”动词领域的一个转喻句，其中“head”最终可以代表“leading”的行动，因为它在这种行动中发挥着至关重要的工具作用（见图 19）。

Like her, we were not able to locate an instance of metonymic reduction in advertisements, but we did propose examples for the two other patterns in Ruiz de Mendoza's typology: " double domain reduction" and " domain reduction plus domain expansion" .

和她一样，我们无法在广告中找到转喻减少的实例，但我们确实为 Ruiz de Mendoza 的类型学中的另外两种模式提出示例：“双域缩减”和“域缩减加域扩” 。