When glaciers melt along the coast, rounded depressions flood with a mix of seawater and glacial meltwater, creating fertile ecosystems called fjord estuaries.
The meltwater enters channels that run downhill, flowing until it reaches a crop site where it bursts forth from a pipe pointing straight into the air.
Horizontal glaciers are formed when farmers redirect glacier meltwater into channels and pipes, then carefully siphon it off into a series of basins made from stones and earth.
In the high Andes of northern Peru, glacier meltwater has caused Lake Balcacucha's volume to swell more than 30 times in recent decades, according to various studies.