Their closest relatives are the gymnosperms, a group that came before them on Earth.

它们的近亲是裸子植物，这是一个地球上先于它们的群体。

Baker said angiosperms are more successful at reproducing than gymnosperms.

贝克说，被子植物比裸子植物方面更成功。

Gymnosperms and angiosperms both have seeds.

裸子植物和被子植物都有种子。

Gymnosperms usually depend upon the wind for pollination.

裸子植物通常依靠风授粉。

So, why was this butterfly-lookalike visiting a gymnosperm 165 million years ago?

那么，为什么这只长得像蝴蝶的人会 1.65 亿年前造访裸子植物呢？

They spread into many ecological niches and replaced the gymnosperms.

它们扩散到许多生态位并 取代裸子植物。

As gymnosperms declined, angiosperms or flowering plants filled the niches  they left behind.

随着裸子植物的衰落，被子植物或开花植物填补它们留下的生态位。

But, for most of the history of land plants, gymnosperms were dominant.

但是，陆地植物的大部分历史中， 裸子植物占主导地位。

Like the scorpionflies and lacewings, these true flies were thriving on the reproductive structures of gymnosperms, not angiosperms.

像蝎子蝇和草蛉一样，这的苍蝇裸子植物而非被子植物的生结构上衍生息。

But the gymnosperms haven’t been totally abandoned by their pollinators.

但裸子植物并没有 被它们的传粉者完全抛弃。

During the Cretaceous Period, many common plants  were gymnosperms or seed-producing plants, like early conifers.

白垩纪时期， 许多常见的植物是裸子植物或产生种子的植物，如早期的针叶树。

The sweet pollen drops of some modern gymnosperms still attract pollinating flies and moths.

一现代裸子植物的甜花粉滴 仍然吸引授粉的苍蝇和飞蛾。

Analysis of the pollen showed that it was mostly from a mix of gymnosperm plants, including cycads and ginkgos.

对花粉的分析表明， 它主要来自裸子植物的混合物，包括苏铁和银杏。

Like angiosperms replaced gymnosperms, non-avian dinosaurs were largely succeeded by  new kinds of mammals, which began to dominate terrestrial ecosystems.

就像被子植物取代裸子植物一样，非鸟类恐龙很大程度上被新型哺乳动物所取代，并开始主宰陆地生态系统。

Known technically as gymnosperms, they have needle-like leaves which are almost always evergreen and reproduce through exposed seeds nestled within cones.

它们技术上被称为裸子植物， 有针状的叶子， 几乎总是常绿的，并通过球果内暴露的种子进行。

The pollen it picked up was from a gymnosperm – the group that includes pines, cycads, and ginkgoes.

它采集的花粉来自裸子植物——包括松树、苏铁和银杏内的植物群。

For millions of years, gymnosperms  grew in vast prehistoric forests and murky swamps, forming dense yet open ecosystems where reptiles  and amphibians thrived.

数百万年来， 裸子植物生长广阔的史前森林和浑浊的沼泽中，形成密集而开放的生态系统， 爬行动物和两栖动物这里衍生息。

As the angiosperms got their foothold and attracted crossover pollinators like beetles, some pollinators still remained loyal to the gymnosperms.

当被子植物站稳脚跟并吸引甲虫等交叉传粉者时，一传粉者仍然忠于裸子植物。

A single individual was found fossilized in 105 million-year-old amber from northern Spain with gymnosperm pollen dusted on its mouthparts, legs, and back.

来自西班牙北部的 1.05 亿年前的琥珀中发现一个个体的化石，其口器、腿和背部上撒满裸子植物花粉。

It was actually something between  a fern and a group of woody plants that exists today called gymnosperms, which includes conifers and gingkos.

它实际上介于蕨类植物和今天存的称为裸子植物的一组木本植物之间，其中包括针叶树和银杏。