Pleural effusions can be due to excess fluid collection, transudative and exudative, or due to blockage of lymphatic drainage.

胸腔积是体形成过快，分漏出性胸水与出性胸水，或者淋巴引流阻塞，体吸收过缓。

An exudative pleural effusions is due to inflammation of the pulmonary capillaries which makes them much more leaky.

出性胸腔积是因为肺毛细血管发炎，变得更易漏出。

Transudative fluid looks clear, exudative effusions are full of immune cells and therefore look cloudy, and lymphatic fluid is filled with fats and looks like milk.

漏出透明清亮；出里有炎性细胞，因此看起来混浊；淋巴里充满脂肪，所以看起来像牛奶。

Often, the biggest challenge is distinguishing between a transudative and exudative effusion, and the key difference is the amount of protein in the effusion - exudates have much more!

而最大的挑战经常是辨别漏出与出，关键的不同点是体里的蛋白质总量：出中的含量更！