The embryo engages in a complex, exquisitely timed hormonal dialogue that transforms the endometrium to allow implantation.

胚胎向子宫传递 复杂精细的激素信号，使子宫允许它着床。

The endometrium evolved to make implantation difficult

子宫断演化 使得着床变得困难。

The endometrium evolved to make implantation difficult so that only the healthy embryos could survive.

子宫经过演化， 使得着床难以进行因此，只有健康的胚胎能够生存。

If fertilization doesn't occur, the spiral arteries collapse, and the superficial layers of the endometrium die.

如果卵子没有受精，螺旋动脉将会收缩，子宫的表层也会因此凋亡。

Additionally, spiral arteries emerge to nourish the growing functional endometrium.

此外，螺旋动脉出现以供养生长中的子宫能层。

One hypothesis is that the placenta implants lower down when the endometrium in the upper uterus is not well vascularized.

一个假说认为胎盘附着于子宫底部的原因是顶部的子宫没有得到良好的血供。

Because they're functionally the same as the endometrium inside the uterus, endometriomas respond to hormones just like the uterus would.

由于它们具有和正常子宫一样的能，子宫异位症囊肿也会和子宫一样，对激素有应答。

So having high levels of estrogen will cause the endometrium undergoes hyperplasia, leading to increased risk of developing type 1 endometrial carcinoma.

因此，高水平的雌激素会导致子宫生，从I型子宫癌的风险。

There, it requires another three or so days to implant firmly into the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus.

在那里，还需要三天左右的时间才能牢固地植入子宫，即子宫的层。

It's followed by the proliferative phase, during which the rising levels of ovarian estrogen make the functional layer of the endometrium thicken and sprout endometrial glands.

之后是殖期，伴随卵巢分泌雌激素的上升，子宫能层厚，子宫腺体生长。

The rising estrogen levels in the follicles stimulate the regeneration of the endometrium, building a cushy, well-vascularized habitat for another potential fertilized egg to call home.

卵泡中雌激素水平的上升刺激子宫的再生，为另一个潜在的受精卵建立一个舒适、血管发达的栖息地。

Estrogen is produced by the ovaries and causes the uterus, lining the endometrium, to thicken again after menstruation so that it is ready to receive an embryo.

雌激素是由卵巢产生的，它使子宫在月经后再次变厚，以便为胚胎的形成做好准备。

During puberty, the monthly menstrual and ovarian cycles begin, which is when the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus, goes through cyclic changes in response to the ovarian hormones.

在青春期，月经和卵巢周期开始出现，此时子宫（或子宫衬）对卵巢激素作出反应，发生周期性变化。

And if fertilization didn't happen, the corpus will stop producing progesterone, and the endometrium will start to shed its functional layer. And it starts all over again.

如果没有受精，体将停止产生黄体酮，子宫将开始脱落其能层。一切又重新开始了。

Next are endometrioid tumors which come from endometrium-like cells which is ectopic, meaning they're out of place, because those sorts of cells are usually found in the endometrium.

接下来是子宫样肿瘤，来自出现异位的子宫样的细胞，意思是它们并没有待在原位，因为那类细胞经常在子宫上被找到。

Because the egg has not been fertilized, the uterus lining called the endometrium is not needed, and hence it breaks down and is lost through the vaginal canal with some blood.

因为卵子没有受精，子宫就被需要了，因此它会分解，随着一些血液通过阴道管道流失。

The endometrium is itself made up of a single layer of simple columnar epithelium, which has ciliated and secretory cells, that sit on top of connective tissue, or stroma.

子宫由单层柱状上皮构成；单层柱状上皮有纤毛细胞及分泌细胞，位于结缔组织即基质顶部。

If fertilization does happen, then the new embryo snuggles into the endometrium for gestation — but the uterus is only receptive to implantation for a short time, about a week after ovulation.

如果受精确实发生了，那么新胚胎会依偎在子宫中怀孕——但是子宫只接受着床很短的时间，大约在排卵后一周。

Amenorrhea can occur because there is so much scar tissue that there's no functional endometrium left, or because the presence of scar tissue makes the endometrium refractory to hormonal stimulation.

当太多疤痕组织的存在造成子宫能所剩无几，或是疤痕组织影响了对激素的敏感性时，都会引发闭经。

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens in case fertilization occurs, during the luteal phase, spiral arteries emerge to bring more nutrients to support the thick endometrium.

在月经周期中的卵泡期，子宫会变厚，有助于受精；黄体期，螺旋动脉产生可以为厚的子宫提供更多养分。