But the winning candidate is him so he gets no disutility from the winning candidate being someone else.

但获胜候选人是他，因此获胜候选人是其他人不会对他造成任何损害。

Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labour?

由此是否可以得出现有实际工资水平准确地衡量了劳动力边际负效用？

So you get the profits of the firm minus the disutility of having missed all that sleep.

因此，您可以获得利润减去因过所有睡眠负效用。

This level cannot be greater than full employment, i.e. the real wage cannot be less than the marginal disutility of labour.

这个水平不能高于充分就业， 即实际工资不能低于劳动边际负效用。

The utility of the wage when a given volume of labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility of that amount of employment.

当雇佣一定数量劳动力时，工资效用等于该就业数量边际负效用。

If this is not true, then there is no longer any reason to expect a tendency towards equality between the real wage and the marginal disutility of labour.

如果这不是真，那么就不再有任何理由期望实际工资与劳动边际负效用之间存在趋于平等趋势。

(5) is, therefore, subject to the condition that N cannot exceed the value which reduces the real wage to equality with the marginal disutility of labour.

因此， (5) 条件是 N 不能超过使实际工资降低到与劳动边际负效用相等价值。

Chapter vi of Professor Carver's Distribution of Wealth clearly envisages interest as the factor which brings into equilibrium the marginal disutility of waiting with the marginal productivity of capital.

Carver 教授财富分配第六章清楚地将利息设想为使等待边际负效用与资本边际力达到平衡因素。

If this is true, the wage-goods equivalent of the existing money-wage is not an accurate indication of the marginal disutility of labour, and the second postulate does not hold good.

如果这是真，那么与现有货币工资等价工资品就不是劳动边际负效用准确指示，第二个假设也不成立。

It follows from this definition that the equality of the real wage to the marginal disutility of employment presupposed by the second postulate, realistically interpreted, corresponds to the absence of 'involuntary' unemployment.

从这个定义可以看出，实际工资等于第二个假设所预设就业边际负效用，从现实角度解释，对应于不存在“非自愿”失业。

The insufficiency of effective demand will inhibit the process of production in spite of the fact that the marginal product of labour still exceeds in value the marginal disutility of employment.

尽管劳动边际品在价值上仍然超过就业边际负效用，但有效需求不足将抑制过程。

For there may be no method available to labour as a whole whereby it can bring the wage-goods equivalent of the general level of money wages into conformity with the marginal disutility of the current volume of employment.

因为对于整个劳动言，可能没有任何方法可以使相当于一般货币工资水平工资品与当前就业量边际负效用相一致。

Now, in so far as the classical theory assumes that real wages are always equal to the marginal disutility of labour and that the latter increases when employment increases, so that the labour supply will fall off; cet.

现在，就经典理论言，假设实际工资总是等于劳动边际负效用，并且后者随着就业增加增加，因此劳动力供给会下降； cet。

Disutility must be here understood to cover every kind of reason which might lead a man, or a body of men, to withhold their labour rather than accept a wage which had to them a utility below a certain minimum.

在这里，负效用必须被理解为涵盖可能导致一个人或一群人拒绝他们劳动不是接受对他们来说效用低于某个最低限度工资各种原因。

Thus the volume of employment is not determined by the marginal disutility of labour measured in terms of real wages, except in so far as the supply of labour available at a given real wage sets a maximum level to employment.

因此，就业量不是由以实际工资衡量劳动力边际负效用决定，除非在给定实际工资下可用劳动力供应设定了就业最高水平。