First, an enzyme called ADH turns alcohol into acetaldehyde, which is toxic.

首先，乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH) 将酒转化为有毒的乙醛。

Drugs that inhibit ADH secretion can also be used in chronic SIADH situations.

抑制ADH分泌的药物也用于治疗慢性SIADH。

Surgery in general often causes an increase secretion of ADH, although we're not entirely sure why.

一般手术也常致ADH分泌增多，但目前还不清楚具体原因。

Pretty much anything that messes with the secretion of ADH.

那SIADH的病因什么？基本上就所有会影响ADH分泌的因素。

Type B is a constant release of a moderate amount of ADH.

B型为ADH持续且以较中等剂量释放。

Obviously brain surgery, specifically to the pituitary gland also might cause extra ADH to be released.

显，脑部手术，特别垂体手术，也可能致ADH分泌过多。

Conditions like strokes, hemorrhages, or trauma to the brain can mess up the brain's ability to release ADH.

中风、颅内出血和创伤等情况都可扰乱大脑释放ADH的功能。

Infections in the lungs and brain are also linked to an increase risk of ADH secretion.

肺部和颅内的感染也与ADH分泌增多相关。

Similarly, some drugs that act on the brain like mood stabilizers or anti-epileptics can change the way ADH is released.

类似地，一些作用于脑部的药物，如镇定剂、抗癫痫药物等，也可能影响ADH的释放。

Small cell carcinoma in the lungs is the type of cancer most likely to release ADH this way.

小细胞肺致ADH异位分泌最常见的恶性肿瘤。

How ADH works is kind of complex, but first, let's remember that cell membranes are generally not that permeable to water.

ADH 的工作原理有点复杂，但首先，让我们记住细胞膜通常不那么容易渗透水。

Type D is the least common type of SIADH where ADH secretion is completely normal, yet urine osmolality is still high.

D型最少见的类型，其中ADH的分泌完全正常，但尿液的渗透压仍较高。

ADH levels tend to be very high so the maximum amount of fluid is retained, causing urine osmolality to be very high.

ADH水平会变得非常高，致大量水分在体内潴留，引起尿液的渗透压大幅升高。

It also constrict blood vessels, and incidentally the vasoconstrictor drug called vasopressin is just ADH.

同时ADH也可以收缩血管，而一种名为血管升压素的血管收缩类药物其实就ADH。

Anyways, the more ADH floating around in your blood, the more fluid you retain.

总之，随血液流动的ADH越多，体内储存的水就越多。

The less ADH in your blood, the more fluid you excrete.

反之，血液中ADH越少，排出的水越多。

There are four patterns of ADH release in people with SIADH.

SIADH患者的ADH分泌有以下4种模式。

ADH affects the last two-thirds of these tubes, called the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts.

ADH作用于这些小管的终末2/3部分，即远曲小管和集合管。

The antidiuretic hormone, abbreviated as ADH, is the hormone that controls water retention in the body.

抗利尿激素，缩写为ADH，一种控制体内水的储存与排泄的激素。

The best treatment for SIADH is to figure out what the underlying cause of the excessive ADH is, and treat that problem.

SIADH最重要的治疗方案找出根本病因，并针对病因治疗。